Five-Star Collection... John Graas (II)

In a previous post, we highlighted how producer Tom Mack, in the liner notes of Jazz Studio #3, underscored the pivotal role Jazz Studio #2 played in John Graas's career. This was the album that let listeners hear Graas in a completely new light — as a composer and arranger. His debut as an arranger on this project quickly drew the attention of jazz soloists and record labels, and it set the stage for larger commissions that would define the path of his career.

The story behind the album makes it even more fascinating. In 1954, as Decca expanded its catalog with new 12-inch LPs, Tom Mack turned to the West Coast's finest studio musicians. Graas, already known for his mastery of the French horn, took the lead, assembling an exceptional ensemble: Don Fagerquist, Milt Bernhart, Herb Geller, Jimmy Giuffre, Marty Paich, Howard Roberts, Curtis Counce, and Larry Bunker.

The result was a record that not only showcased impeccable musicianship but also captured the relaxed, sophisticated vibe of 1950s Los Angeles—a snapshot of an era in sound. Jazz Studio #2 became more than an album; it was a gateway for John Graas, opening doors to new opportunities and solidifying a group of musicians who would come to define the West Coast jazz scene.

Although Down Beat awarded it four stars in 1956, the 2004 CD reissue of From Hollywood received a five-star rating from AllMusic, earning it a rightful place in our Five-Star Collection — a recognition that ensures this landmark album continues to reach new listeners today.

John Graas

Jazz Studio #2 • From Hollywood

If there is one word that epitomizes the kind of jazz which has been developing on the West Coast during the past few years, probably that word is "organization". For although the swinging beat, once minimized by purists as a distraction, has happily returned to the scene, with the result that jazz on the Coast now swings with complete freedom, it has done so within the framework of individual patterns which have become organized to considerable degree.

A typical modern jazz group in Hollywood seems to follow nature's principle of tension-and-release, which in music is at least as old as the earliest symphonies, yet, being basic, seems fresh whenever applied to new forms and subjected to new interpretations. Usually the first chorus takes the formidable talents of the performers and constrains them lightly within the bounds of an arrangement which is actually a jumping-off place for what is to follow. During these initial choruses, which are characterized by an interdependence and mutual awareness of the performers, a tension builds to a point where a soloist derives a powerful send-off into his own improvisation. Often contrapuntal, harmonically interesting, these jump ensembles have come to replace almost entirely the unison riff of the early days of jazz. It is not considered bad form for one or more musicians (other than the rhythm section) to chime in with improvised backgrounds to another's solo, thus often giving unusual contrapuntal effects to the soloist's performance.

The word "modern", applied to any kind of music, sometimes makes people expect a preponderance of dissonances, atonality, and harsh sounds. Paradoxically enough, modern West Coast jazz is very melodic, possibly because the arrangers and composers in this medium are more apt to lean upon Bach than Schoenberg. The paradox extends to the basic sound, which is generally a quiet sound, seldom resorting to screaming high notes to achieve the excitement that is jazz. Excitement is generated by a swinging beat, good melodic form, and imaginative writing.

In JAZZ STUDIO 2 we are attempting to offer a representative picture of the kind of jazz which is pretty much indigenous to the West Coast, played by some of the musicians who have contributed notably to this development. It is not intended to set it apart from jazz everywhere, and of course the listener will find a great deal which is not regional. *Tom Mack (liner notes, 1954)*

An absorbing set recorded in Hollywood by Tom Mack. Personel included Herb Geller, Milt Bernhart, John Graas, Don Fagerquist, Marty Paich, Curtis Counce, Howard Roberts, Larry Bunker, and Jimmy Guiffre on tenor and baritone (and I think the tasty clarinet on Lions is his, too). How come, by the way, Jimmy just gets one credit line buried in the notes and no front cover billing?

Anyway, the playing of all involved is just fine. This record, for one thing, should firmly establish Herb Geller as one of the undeniably arrived alto stars. The man has it—ideas, beat, pungent tone, and above all, heart. Herb blows with everything he has; he doesn't try to fit himself into icily studied attitudes. John Graas' French horn comes through freer, more swinging and more inventive than on his Trend sides. Bernhart had a sweepingly relaxed ball on the date judging from his playing. Guiffre and Fagerquist are firstrate and the rhythm section is crisp, light and steady. Howard Roberts' guitar, imagination and tone are highly impressive and it's good to hear full-toned bassist Curtis Counce get some extended solo space.

Almost all of the writing is of better than average consistency and some contains real organic development. Graas wrote Lions and Graas Point and arranged Do It Again. Paich contributed Paicheck and arranged the other two songs. Graas Point has some especially intriguing contrapuntal intersections and there's a swingingly fresh feel to the lines of Lions that isn't as easy to attain as it may sound.

Footnote: Listen to the entrance of Fagerquist and Bernhart in Dream. It must have been a thoroughly sunny California day when this LP was made. This is a distinguished Decca debut for Mr. Mack. Give the man a raise and let him do some more sessions — even if he does think there's such a thing as "west coast jazz". *Nat Hentoff (Down Beat, October 6, 1954 [4 satrs])*

The Jazz Studio series recorded for Decca during the 1950s produced a lot of enjoyable sessions, though many of them were very hard to obtain.

Jazz Studio, Vol. 2, with French horn player John Graas as the leader of this cool-oriented West Coast session, with trumpeter Don Fagerquist, trombonist Milt Bernhart, alto saxophonist Herb Geller, Jimmy Giuffre (who plays clarinet, tenor, and baritone saxes), pianist Marty Paich, guitarist Howard Roberts, bassist Curtis Counce, and drummer Larry Bunker on hand. The mood is considerably more subdued than the bop material recorded by the East Coast musicians heard on Jazz Studio, Vol. 1, but the music has held up very well, with excellent solos and strong charts by Graas and Paich. Highlights include Graas' intricate "Here Come the Lions" and Paich's equally challenging "Paicheck" (note its equally witty title). *Ken Dryden (2004, allmusic.com [5 stars])*

Side 1

1 - Laura

(David Raksin, Johnny Mercer)

2 - Here Come The Lions

(John Graas)

3 - Paicheck

(Marty Paich)

Side 2

4 - Graas Point

(John Graas)

5 - Darn That Dream

(Jimmy Van Heusen, Eddie De Lange)

6 - Do It Again

(George Gershwin)

Don Fagerquist (trumpet), Milt Bernhart (trombone), John Graas (french horn), 

Herb Geller (alto sax), Jimmy Giuffre (clarinet, tenor sax, baritone sax),

Marty Paich (piano), Howard Roberts (guitar), Curtis Counce (bass), Larry Bunker (drums).

Recorded at Decca's Studio 55, Los Angeles, California, June 4, 1954

Five-Star Collection... John Graas (I)

John Graas

Jazz Studio #3

For some time, JOHN GRAAS, winner of the 1954 Metronome Poll, has been building a reputation as one of the most important modern jazz instrumentalists, and he has been doing it with an instrument usually found in the hallowed precincts of the symphony hall: the French Horn. For this he is to be congratulated, because he is welding one more link in the chain which binds all modern music, and helping to destroy the prejudices which have served no good purpose but to divide where there should be no division.

"JAZZ STUDIO 3: JOHN GRAAS" offers the listener the opportunity of witnessing the growth of the artist in other fields: those of composition and arranging. 

Since making his arranging debut in "JAZZ STUDIO 2", John's newly discovered writing talents have been much in demand. Many jazz soloists and recording companies 

have sought his product, but even more important, he has been commissioned, as a direct result of his work in "JAZZ STUDIO 2", to compose a Jazz Symphony. Portions 

of this work will appear here. "JAZZ STUDIO 3" is glad to show-case Graas' writing talent in a stage of its development which will be all the more apparent to those who 

were first impressed by his flair for contrapuntal invention as illustrated by "GRAAS POINT", considered by many the high point of "STUDIO 2". *Tom Mack (liner notes)*

Decca's third Jazz Studio set is devoted to the composition and arrangements of French horn expert John Graas. The selections are played by a septet, quartet, and ninetet. The overall personnel comprises Graas, Gerry Mulligan, Don Fagerquist, Red Mitchell, Larry Bunker, Marty Paich, Howard Roberts, Charlie Mariano, Conte Candoli, Zoot Sims, Jimmy Giuffre, Andre Previn, and Curtis Counce. The material covers a refreshingly wide range beginning with a briskly swinging tribute to Mulligan. My Buddy is resurrected from the land of bathos and turns up in a lyrically imaginative quartet arrangement marked by some excellent interlinear play by Mulligan and Graas. The 6/4 framework comes off jumping and the Charleston shakes off its age under Graas' deftly hip hand to end the first side.

Rogeresque is another bright and effective tribute. From Graas' forthcoming Symphony No. 1 in F Minor, commissioned by the Cincinnati Symphony, nine men play the sonata allegro and the atonal scherzo. I don’t know whether this will sound as free and idiomatic when scored for full symphony orchestra and jazz soloists, but as of the way it comes through here, these two sections indicate that Graas is constructing a largely fresh, vital work — one that, though somewhat eclectic, already carries much more individualized conviction than the overrated Liebermann Concerto for Jazz Band and Symphony Orchestra. The set closes with an incisive modernization of 12th Street Rag.

The playing by everyone on the date is excellent, and Graas gets the full rating because of the scope of his imagination and his ability to write modern jazz frameworks that, for the most part, challenge the soloists rather than constrict them. Not everything comes off wholly here, but so much of worth and individuality is going on that the set deserves a wide audience.

*Nat Hentoff (Down Beat, June 1, 1955 [5 stars])*

Side 1

1 - Mullinganesque

(John Graas)

2 - My Buddy

(Gus Kahn, Walter Donaldson)

3 - 6/4 And Even

(John Graas)

4 - Charleston

(Cecil Mack, Jimmy Johnson)

Side 2

5 - Rogeresque

(John Graas)

Jazz Sections From Symphony No.1 in F Minor

6 - a) Sonata Allegro

7 - b) Scherzo

(John Graas)

8 - 12th Street Rag

(Andy Razaf, Euday L. Bowman)

#1, #3:

John Graas (french horn), Gerry Mulligan (baritone sax), Don Fagerquist (trumpet),

Marty Paich (piano), Howard Roberts (guitar), Red Mitchell (bass), Larry Bunker (drums).

#2:

John Graas (french horn), Gerry Mulligan (baritone sax),

Red Mitchell (bass), Larry Bunker (drums).

#4, #6, #7:

John Graas (french horn), Conte Candoli (trumpet), Charlie Mariano (alto sax),

Zoot Sims (tenor sax), Jimmy Giuffre (baritone sax), André Previn (piano),

Howard Roberts (guitar), Curtis Counce (bass), Larry Bunker (drums). 

#5, #8:

John Graas (french horn), Conte Candoli (trumpet), Charlie Mariano (alto sax),

Marty Paich (piano), Howard Roberts (guitar), Curtis Counce (bass), Larry Bunker (drums). 

Recorded at Decca's Studio 55, Los Angeles, California,

December 16 (#1, #2, #3), 1954; January 6 (#4, #6, #7) and January 8 (#5, #8), 1955

Liberty Records • Jazz in Hollywood Series (VIII)

Bobby Enevoldsen

Smorgasbord

✤Liberty LJH 6008✤

Smorgasbord is a delightful album. The title is so intriguing because it is so descriptive and applicable. According to Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, "Smorgasbord" is a Scandinavian word meaning "a variety of appetizers served before the main meal". Mr. Enevoldsen is Scandinavian (Danish to be exact), and this is his album, but that's only the first parallel. The arrangements, also Mr. Enevoldsen's, are interestingly varied; and the songs run the gamut from the old to the new, from the soulful beauty of the ballad, "My Ideal", to the almost raucous blues of "Bob's Boy", and, then to the up-tempoed "You're In Love". The musicians themselves offer even more variety to the sum total, because four of them double and triple on instruments: Red Mitchell on bass and piano; Marty Paich on piano, organ and accordion; Larry Bunker on drums, vibes and piano; and Bob, himself, on tenor saxophone, valve trombone, and bass. So you see, it's really a smorgasbord of jazz. And it's all very stimulating. In too many jazz albums today there's a regrettable lack of judgement and care. You listen and know that the entire twelve sides were conceived, arranged, and recorded within a two or three day period. This is an excellent method for a company to release six or seven albums every month; but it's also an excellent method of not taking advantage of talent and good musicianship. Smorgasbord, fortunately, is not this kind of album. Each composition was obviously carefully arranged and rehearsed. And the end result is more than worth the time and effort consumed in getting the desired sound. *Bobby Troup (liner notes)* 

Back in the early 1950s, jazz musicians were impossibly gifted. A good number not only could play their primary instrument with enormous skill and flair, they often could play quite a few others. This was particularly true on the West Coast, where studio work was abundant but your share depended largely on how many axes you could grind. If you played only the tenor sax, your odds of being called consistently for a job were slim given the competition. But if you played three or more instruments, you could find yourself recording on several sessions a day. One of these highly versatile West Coast jazz musicians was Bob Enevoldsen, who played valve trombone, tenor sax and upright bass.

Born in Montana, Enevoldsen studied music in Montana, served in the army, taught music in Salt Lake City, and moved to Los Angeles in 1951. There, he played valve trombone and tenor saxophone with Gerry Mulligan, Shorty Rogers, Shelly Manne and Marty Paich. Soon after he arrived, he learned the bass, perhaps as a way to play with the Harry Babasin Quartet and free up bassist Babasin to play the jazz cello.

Enevoldsen also played bass in pianist and singer Bobby Troup's groups from 1954 onward. In 1959, Enevoldsen began working in Las Vegas show bands, and became a staff and studio musician for Steve Allen's TV show from 1962-64. In the decades that followed Enevoldsen remained a steady session and freelance musician on the West Coast.

Among Enevoldsen's key recordings of the 1950s are dates with the Gerry Mulligan Tentet , Shorty Rogers, Bud Shank , Bill Holman, Russ Garcia, Marty Paich and Art Pepper. From 1960 onward, Enevoldsen worked on movie soundtracks and TV show themes, and recorded jazz sessions up until his death in 2005.

Perhaps Enevoldsen's finest leadership date from the mid-1950s is Smorgasbord. The album demonstrates his versatility and humor as well as his spirited arranging skills. In addition to being a highly swinging session, it's notable for the musicians who were there and the instruments they played. The recording features Enevoldsen on valve trombone and tenor sax; Marty Paich on piano, organ and accordion; Larry Bunker on vibes and drums; Howard Roberts on guitar; Red Mitchell on bass and piano; and Don Heath on drums.

Besides the terrific small-group charts by Enevoldsen, you get to hear Paich play the squeezebox, and he does quite a fabulous job ("Swinging on a Star", for example). Also spectacular is Larry Bunker on vibes and guitarist Howard Roberts, who too often is overlooked among the crowd of jazz session guitarists in California during this period.

As one of jazz's early valve-trombonists, Enevoldsen cannot be compared with Bob Brookmeyer. Bob was and continues to be spectacular, and the two artists weren't in the same league. But Enevoldsen was a solid player and arranger who found steady work playing three different instruments. And he played them with ease and grace. *Marc Myers*

Side 1

1 - Ding Dong, The Witch Is Dead

(Arlen, Harburg)

2 - Swingin' On A Star

(Van Heusen, Burke)

3 - Swinger's Dream

(MacDougald)

4 - My Ideal

(Robin, Whiting, Chase)

5 - How Low The Tune

(Troup, Enevoldsen)

6 - John's Jumble

(Enevoldsen)

Side 2

7 - You're In Love

(Bobby Troup)

8 - Thinking Of You

(Kalmar, Ruby)

9 - No Time For Love

(Davidson)

10 - Mr. Know-It-All

(Bobby Troup)

11 - Oh! Look At Me Now

(John DeVries)

12 - Bob's Boy

(Bob Gordon)

#1:

Bob Enevoldsen (tenor sax), Marty Paich (piano), Larry Bunker (vibes),

Howard Roberts (guitar), Red Mitchell (bass), Don Heath (drums).

#2:

Bob Enevoldsen (tenor sax), Marty Paich (accordion), Larry Bunker (vibes),

Howard Roberts (guitar), Red Mitchell (bass), Don Heath (drums).

#3:

Marty Paich (organ), Red Mitchell (piano), 

Larry Bunker (vibes), Bob Enevoldsen (bass), Don Heath (drums).

#4:

Bob Enevoldsen (valve trombone), Marty Paich (accordion), Larry Bunker (vibes),

Howard Roberts (guitar), Red Mitchell (bass), Don Heath (drums).

#5:

Marty Paich (accordion); Larry Bunker (vibes); Howard Roberts (guitar);

Red Mitchell, Bob Enevoldsen (basses); Don Heath (drums).

#6:

Marty Paich (piano), Bob Enevoldsen (bass), Larry Bunker (drums).

#7:

Bob Enevoldsen (valve trombone), Marty Paich (piano),Larry Bunker (vibes), 

Howard Roberts (guitar), Red Mitchell (bass), Don Heath (drums).

#8:

Bob Enevoldsen (tenor sax), Marty Paich (piano),Larry Bunker (vibes), 

Howard Roberts (guitar), Red Mitchell (bass), Don Heath (drums).

#9:

Bob Enevoldsen (tenor sax), Marty Paich (accordion), Larry Bunker (piano),

Howard Roberts (guitar), Red Mitchell (bass), Don Heath (drums).

#10:

Bob Enevoldsen (tenor sax), Marty Paich (organ),

Larry Bunker (vibes), Red Mitchell (bass), Don Heath (drums).

#11:

Bob Enevoldsen (valve trombone), Marty Paich (piano), Larry Bunker (vibes), 

Howard Roberts (guitar), Red Mitchell (bass), Don Heath (drums).

#12:

Marty Paich, Larry Bunker, Red Mitchell (pianos); Howard Roberts (guitar);

Bob Enevoldsen (bass); Don Heath (drums).

Recorded in Hollywood, California, November 25 and 29, 1955

Dennis Farnon - Caution! Men Swinging

Dennis Farnon was born in 1923 in Toronto, Canada as John Denis Farnon to Robert and Elsie Farnon (née Menzies). He grew up in a musical family, and learned to play the trumpet at age 12. Through his older brother Robert, he enlisted into the Canadian Army Band, also travelling to Europe to entertain the Allied troops during the last years of the war. In his mid-20s, he moved to Chicago where he played in jazz clubs and pursued studies in conducting, arranging, and orchestration, strongly influenced by the works of Maurice Ravel, Claude Debussy, Béla Bartók and Sergey Prokofiev.

Several years later, he accepted an invitation to Hollywood as musical director for singer Johnny Holiday, and he stayed, continuing to compose, conduct and arrange. In 1956, he was tapped by RCA Records to head their West Coast A&R and signed on as producer, arranger and recording artist. During that time, the Dennis Farnon Orchestra recorded numerous albums, including Magoo in Hi-Fi, over 10 episodes of Mr Magoo cartoon shorts, Chet Atkins in Hollywood, Velvet Carpet with The George Shearing's Quintet, The Enchanted Woods, Songs From The Motion Picture Gigi, While My Lady Sleeps with Phineas Newborn Jr., and Caution! Men Swinging.

This roaring, vibrant album has all the drive, sparkle and vibrancy that characterized swing big bands in their heyday, plus imaginative new ideas. Not only is the swing youthful, but Dennis Farnon's own musical imagination has also brought it up to date and added new lustre and meaning to the idiom. Caution! Men Swinging stands out for its precision and powerhouse sound of the brass and sax sections in the overall set, arranged and conducted by Canadian Dennis Farnon. In addition, there is ample room for solo blowing by Don Fagerquist, who plays all the jazz trumpet; pianists Lou Levy and Jimmy Rowles, guitarist Howard Roberts, tenor Ted Nash, plus the superb lead trumpet work of Frank Beach and George Roberts' bass trombone very present at all times. This 1957 album was the only jazz LP Farnon recorded in his entire career and, possibly thinking he could hardly have surpassed it, he devoted his work primarily to writing arrangements and conducting for pop singers. Enjoy this fantastic swinging big band session! *Jordi Pujol*

Back in the 1950s, as the Big Band Era was slowly dying, the money for musicians was to be made in the studios, with alumni from Herman, Rogers and Kenton playing for TV shows and movies in order to pay off their mortgages in  the San Fernando Valley. Here are a couple swinging albums from Hollywood in the swinging Eisenhower Years.

Canadian conductor Dennis Farron leads a 1957 studio orchestra that includes Pete Condoli/tp, Ted Nash/ts, Bob Enevoldsen/vtb, Howard Roberts/g, Jimmy Rowles-Lou Levy/p and Alvin Stoller/dr for a mix of originals and standards. They sound like a background sound track for a film noir on the swaggering "Caution! Men Swinging" while the muted horns sway on "Lover Come Back To Me". West Coast Cool moods dominate "Why Don’t You Do Right" while big brass is bold on "Just You, Just Me" with the team sounding like Kenton on the hard hitting "Three Little Words". Bright primary colors. *George W. Harris*

Side 1

1 - Caution! Men Swinging

(Dennis Farnon)

2 - Spring Will Be A Little Late This Year

(Frank Loesser)

3 - Lover Come Back To Me

(Oscar Hammerstein, Sigmund Romberg)

4 - Shoo-Shoo Baby

(Phil Moore)

5 - Just You, Just Me

(Jessie Greer, Raymond Klages)

Side 2

06 - Isle Of Capri

(Wilhelm Grosz, James Kennedy)

07 - South Of The Border

(M. Beresford, J. B. Kennedy)

08 - It Don't Mean A Thing (If It Ain't Got That Swing)

(Duke Ellington, Irving Mills)

09 - Why Don't You Do Right

(Joe McCoy)

10 - Three Little Words

(Harry Ruby)

11 - Resume Speed

(Dennis Farnon)

Pete Candoli, Frank Beach, Don Fagerquist, Paul Geil (trumpets); Tommy Pederson, Joe Howard (trombones); Bob Enevoldsen (valve trombone); George Roberts (bass trombone); Jack Dumont, Brian Farnon (alto saxes); Ted Nash, Gene Cipriano (tenor saxes); Chuck Gentry (baritone sax); Howard Roberts (guitar); Jimmy Rowles [#1, #2, #5, #6, #7, #8, #9], Lou Levy [#3, #4, #10, #11] (pianos); Cliff Hills (bass); Alvin Stoller (drums).

Recorded at Radio Recorders, Hollywood, California, May 30, 1957.

 

Leonard Feather And Best From The West

Some of the finest West Coast jazz combo playing of late 1954 appears on Best From the West: Modern Sounds from California (Vols. 1 and 2). These albums were issued by Blue Note as a pair of 10-inch LPs. Frankly, there isn't a drop of filler here, and the playing and compositions, many of which are by Shorty Rogers, swing with a special richness and aggression. As Leonard Feather writes in the original album's liner notes, "this is a wailing set of performances". 

Volume 1 was released in early 1955 and marketed without the musicians' names. The plan was brilliant, actually. Several of the musicians on the date already had contractual commitments. Which presented Feather, the album's producer, with a problem. But rather than trying to thread a needle, Feather simply removed the needle. All of the artists' names were removed, and the record was positioned as a "blindfold test".

The goal was to put listeners through the same audio exam that Metronome magazine had been administering to jazz musicians since 1946 (and a nifty gimmick that continues in jazz publications today). Album-buyers were asked to guess who was playing. At the end of Volume 1's liner notes, Feather writes:

"We're curious to see which of Blue Note's customers, long noted for their astute jazz tastes and discernment, can come up with a complete or at least partially correct answer".

Listeners were urged to send their picks along to Blue Note's offices. Feather offered only six clues in his Volume 1 liner notes:

1. All the music on both LPs was recorded during the winter of 1954-55 in Hollywood, CA.

2. The music was recorded at three different sessions, using a total of 12 instruments, played by sixteen men and a girl (sic).

3. None of the musicians made his record debut on these sessions. In fact, most of them had recorded frequently before, and many are closely associated with the disarmingly amorphous entity known as "West Coast Jazz".

4. The musicians who composed the original material for these sessions did not necessarily take part as instrumentalists.

5. All 17 musicians can be heard if you listen to the three numbers entitled The Blindfold Test (actually three different themes based all based on the 12-bar blues format).

6. All the musicians can be heard on either side of either record.

Best From The West • Volume 1

Modern Sounds From California

1 - Santa Anita

(Shorty Rogers)

2 - Santa Monica

(Buddy Collette)

3 - The Blindfold Test No. 1

(Shorty Rogers)

4 - Culver City

(Shorty Rogers)

5 - The Blindfold Test No. 2

(Shorty Rogers)

6 - Hooray For Hollywood

(Whiting, Mercer)

#1 and #6:

Harry "Sweets" Edison (trumpet), Bob Enevoldsen (valve trombone, tenor sax), Herb Geller (alto sax), Lorraine Geller (piano), Joe Mondragon (bass), Larry Bunker (drums).

#2 and #5:

Conte Candoli (trumpet), Jimmy Giuffre (tenor sax, clarinet, baritone sax), Buddy Collette (alto sax, flute), Gerald Wiggins (piano), Howard Roberts (guitar), Curtis Counce (bass), Stan Levey (drums).

#3 and #4:

Conte Candoli (trumpet), John Graas (French horn), Charlie Mariano (alto sax), Marty Paich (piano), Monty Budwig (bass), Stan Levey (drums).

Recorded at Radio Recorders Studio, Hollywood, Los Angeles, California, December 31, 1954.

***

Volume 1 did not include the names of musicians on the date. But Volume 2, released soon afterward, did, thus revealing the mystery players. I have no idea why it was OK to announce the musicians' names in Volume 2 but not in Volume 1. My guess is that whatever releases Feather and Blue Note were seeking for the first album came through in time for the second album. If so, it's interesting how the Blue Note marketers positioned the inclusion of the names on a "blindfold test" album.

To keep the game interesting, the soloists on Blindfold Tests 1, 2 and 3 were not revealed. But since all of the musicians' names were listed on Volume 2, determining who was playing wasn't too much of a stretch-unless you were unfamiliar with the West Coast scene, which likely was the case for Blue Note's East Coast customer base.

While the two albums featured a wide range of musicians, the Conte Candoli sessions are particularly interesting. Recorded on December 31, 1954, the first group featured Conte Candoli (trumpet), John Graas (French horn), Charlie Mariano (alto sax), Marty Paich (piano), Monty Budwig (bass) and Stan Levey (drums).

The next group with Candoli featured Buddy Collette (flute and alto sax), Jimmy Giuffre (tenor sax, clarinet and baritone sax), Gerald Wiggins (piano), Howard Roberts (guitar), Curtis Counce (bass) and Stan Levey (drums).

The 10-inch albums featured yet another set of musicians recorded on the same day: Harry "Sweets" Edison (trumpet), Bob Enevoldsen (valve trombone and tenor sax), Herb Geller (alto sax), Lorraine Geller (piano), Joe Mondragon (bass) and Larry Bunker (drums).

Among the many delightful surprises on these recordings are the early flute of Buddy Collette, superb clarinet work by Jimmy Giuffre, the piano of Lorraine Geller and beautiful, full jazz guitar work by Howard Roberts.

Compositions were mostly by Shorty Rogers, with one by Pete Rugolo and originals by musicians on the dates as well as a few standards.

As you listen to the recordings without looking at the personnel, what's instantly clear is the influence that Roy Eldridge and Dizzy Gillespie had on Candoli's playing during this period, before Miles Davis and Kenny Dorham made a much deeper impression.

These albums are a must-own for anyone who appreciates West Coast jazz under the influence of East Coast sensibilities and the intensity of Candoli's horn. *Marc Myers*

Best From The West • Volume 2

Modern Sounds From California

1 - Van Nuys Indeed

(John Grass)

2 - Here's Pete

(Pete Rugolo)

3 - The Blindfold Test No. 3

(Feather, Rogers)

4 - Burbank Bounce

(Marty Paich)

5 - Arcadia

(Leonard Feather)

6 - No Love, No Nothing

(Warren, Robin)

#1 and #4:

Conte Candoli (trumpet), John Graas (French horn), Charlie Mariano (alto sax), Marty Paich (piano), Monty Budwig (bass), Stan Levey (drums).

#2 and #6:

Conte Candoli (trumpet), Jimmy Giuffre (tenor sax, clarinet, baritone sax), Buddy Collette (alto sax, flute), Gerald Wiggins (piano), Howard Roberts (guitar), Curtis Counce (bass), Stan Levey (drums).

#3 and #5:

Harry "Sweets" Edison (trumpet), Bob Enevoldsen (valve trombone, tenor sax), Herb Geller (alto sax), Lorraine Geller (piano), Joe Mondragon (bass), Larry Bunker (drums).

Recorded at Radio Recorders Studio, Hollywood, Los Angeles, California, December 31, 1954.

Joe Morello - Collections

Intro is extremely happy with the result of this st. However, it is said that confession is good for the soul, therefore we must confess that there was some skepticism about the results of this album, not because the musicians present, but because of the handicaps under which this set was done. The decision to do this album was quite sudden, caused by the fact that drummer Joe Morello, was in town for two days, on the way to San Francisco to join the Dave Brubeck Quartet. Therefore, three sessions had to be packed into one day. It is certainly no secret that Morello is one of the most sensational new drummerson the jazz scene today. Naturally, an oportunity to record him couldn't be passed by.

When you hear the great jazz in this set, and especially Joe Morello, who contributed so much, you will understand why we wished to take advantage of Joe's short stay in town.

*Don Clark (liner notes)*

Joe Morello was virtually unknown when he recorded this date for the Intro label in January of 1956. While he did have a handful of gigs with both Stan Kenton and Marian McPartland under his belt, it would be several months before his association with Dave Brubeck's classic quartet. Perhaps this fact was on the minds of the folks at Intro, because initial pressings of the album gave very little indication that Morello was, in fact, the session's leader. Instead, it was packaged rather like a jam session date in that Red Norvo, Art Pepper, Gerry Wiggins, and Morello all received equal billing on the front cover. Add to this a different title (Collections) printed on both the jacket and spine and it's a wonder people refer to it as The Joe Morello Sextet at all. Regardless, the most interesting performances on this record are by the similarly young Pepper, who appears on five of the album's ten tracks. Pepper sticks to alto sax on all but the appropriately titled original "Tenor Blooz," and delivers a meatier-than-expected tone for an alto player. Fine performances by both Norvo and Wiggins help make this a timeless West Coast jazz release. No real surprises here, but every track is a gem. Easily recommended for fans of the genre. *Brandon Burke*

Quite a rare one from the LA scene of the late 50s — a one-off session that features a group led by Red Norvo on vibes, and also including Art Pepper on alto and tenor, Howard Roberts on guitar, Gerry Wiggins on piano, Joe Morello on drums, and Ben Tucker on bass. The unlikely group really gell well together — thanks especially to Pepper, who plays with that strong and soulful line that he's got on some of the better tiny label sessions that he recorded at the time. Tracks include "Tenor Blooz", "Little Girl", "Pepper Steak", "Yardbird Suite", and "Straight Life". *dustygroove.com*

1- Tenor Blooz

(Art Pepper)

2 - You're Driving Me Crazy

(Walter Donaldson)

3- Sweet Georgia Brown

(Ben Bernie, Maceo Pinkard, Kenneth Casey)

4 - Little Girl

(Francis Henry, Madeline Hyde)

5- Pepper Steak

(Art Pepper)

6 - Have You Met Miss Jones?

(Richard Rodgers, Lorenz Hart)

7 - Yardbird Suite

(Charlie Parker)

8 - I Don't Stand A Ghost Of A Chance With You

(Victor Young, Bing Crosby, Ned Washington)

9 - I've Got The World On A String

(Harold Arlen, Ted Koehler)

10 - Straight Life

(Art Pepper)

Art Pepper (alto sax [#2, #5, #7, #10], tenor sax [#1]), Red Norvo (vibes), Gerry Wiggins (piano), Howard Roberts (guitar), Ben Tucker (bass), Joe Morello (drums).

Recorded at United Western Recorders, Los Angeles, California, January 3, 1957.

Jack Millman And His All-Stars

Trumpet and flugelhorn player Jack Millman was just 17 when he "sat in" with Lionel Hampton and was then invited by Hamp to join the band for a 6-week stint at the Paramount Theatre in Los Angeles. Just before he was drafted in the Army he joined the Stan Kenton Orchestra for a West Coast Road Tour. When he completed his service he came out to form and manage his own jazz groups throughout the 50's that played the West Coast scene extensively. Presented here is Millman's classic 1955 recordings featuring some of the greatest West Coast jazz players of all time.

A rare session as a leader by trumpeter Jack Millman – one that's based around his own compositions, and which a large group of west coast players alongside some lesser-known 50s talents! Players include Fred Aguirre, Lin Halliday, Artie Anto, Mike Pacheco, Curtis Counce, Herb Geller, Jimmy Giuffre, Howard Roberts, and Don Friedman – playing arrangements of Millman tunes by Shorty Rogers, Jimmy Giuffre, Jack Montrose, and Pete Rugolo. Tracks are short, but have wonderfully constructed horn passages – as well as some very nice use of Latin percussion – and titles include "Tom & Jerry", "Bolero De Mendez", "Groove Juice", "Pink Lady", "The Turk", and "Bambi".  *dustygroove.com*

A stimulating presentation of the modern jazz compositions of an outstanding writer, Jack Millman. The wide range of his written work is amply outlined here, and given tremendous interest since each of the 12 compositions included in this album is arranged by different man. Shorty Rogers, Jimmy Giuffre, Jack Montrose and Pete Rugolo are some of the prominent names. The instrumentalists also vary from item to item, but are taken from the ranks of the West Coast's finest musicians. Most of the music is light and listenable, written with a delicate balance of construction and careful selection of instrumentation. The stature of the arrangers and participating musicians will automatically garner good initial sales. *Billboard, November 19, 1955*

Jack Millman

And His All-Stars

1 - Groove Juice

2 - Pink Lady

3 - Too Much

4 - Ballade For Jeannie

5 - The Turk

6 - When You're Near

7 - Tom And Jerry

8 - So Goes My Love

9 - Bolero De Mendez

10 - Just a Pretty Tune

11 - Cathy Goes South

12 - Bambi

(All compositions by Jack Millman)

#1:

Jack Millman (flugelhorn), Bob Enevoldsen (valve trombone), Herb Geller (alto sax), Jimmy Giuffre (tenor sax), Bob Gordon (baritone sax), Claude Williamson (piano), Red Mitchell (bass), Shelly Manne (drums).

Arrangements by Jimmy Giuffre

Recorded in Los Angeles, June 1, 1955

#2:

Jack Millman (flugelhorn), Buddy Collette (flute), Bob Gordon (bass clarinet), Claude Williamson (piano), Howard Roberts (guitar), Red Mitchell (bass), Shelly Manne (drums).

Arrangements by Shorty Rogers

Recorded in Los Angeles, June 1, 1955

#3:

Jack Millman (flugelhorn), Lin Halliday (tenor sax), Ray Vázquez (baritone sax), Don Friedman (piano), Ralph Peña (bass), Gary Frommer (drums).

Arrangements by Jack Montrose

Recorded in Los Angeles, May 25, 1955

#4:

Jack Millman (trumpet), Maynard Ferguson (valve trombone), Buddy Collette (alto sax), Jack Montrose (tenor sax), Bob Gordon (baritone sax), Gerald Wiggins (piano), Curtis Counce (bass), Chico Hamilton (drums).

Arrangements by Lyle Murphy

Recorded in Los Angeles, May 18, 1955

 #5:

Jack Millman, Conte Candoli (trumpets); Gerald Wiggins (piano); Frank Flynn (vibes); Curtis Counce (bass); Chico Hamilton (drums); Mike Pacheco, Artie Anton, Fred Aguirre (percussion).

Arrangements by Jack Millman

Recorded in Los Angeles, May 18, 1955

#6:

Jack Millman (flugelhorn), Lin Halliday (tenor sax), Don Anderson (vibes), Don Overberg (guitar), Ralph Peña (bass), Gary Frommer (drums).

Arrangements by Chico Álvarez

Recorded in Los Angeles, May 25, 1955

#7:

Jack Millman (flugelhorn), Lin Halliday (tenor sax), Don Friedman (piano), Don Anderson (vibes), Don Overberg (guitar), Ralph Peña (bass), Gary Frommer (drums).

Arrangements by Gerald Wiggins

Recorded in Los Angeles, May 25, 1955

#8:

Jack Millman (flugelhorn), Ray Vázquez (baritone sax), Don Friedman (piano), Don Anderson (vibes), Ralph Peña (bass), Gary Frommer (drums).

Arrangements by Bill Holman

Recorded in Los Angeles, May 25, 1955

#9:

Jack Millman (flugelhorn); Buddy Collette (flute); Herb Geller (alto sax); Jimmy Giuffre (clarinet); Bob Gordon (baritone sax); Howard Roberts (guitar); Red Mitchell (bass); Shelly Manne (drums); Mike Pacheco, Jack Costanzo, Bob Enevoldsen (percussion).

Arrangements by Pete Rugolo

Recorded in Los Angeles, June 1, 1955

#10:

Jack Millman (trumpet), Bob Enevoldsen (valve trombone), Buddy Collette (flute), Jimmy Giuffre (tenor sax), Bob Gordon (baritone sax), Claude Williamson (piano), Red Norvo (vibes), Red Mitchell (bass), Shelly Manne (drums).

Arrangements by Frank Erickson

Recorded in Los Angeles, June 1, 1955

#11:

Jack Millman (trumpet); Buddy Collette (flute, alto sax); Jack Montrose (tenor sax, clarinet); Bob Gordon (baritone sax); Frank Flynn (vibes); Curtis Counce (bass); Chico Hamilton (drums); Mike Pacheco, Artie Anton, Fred Aguirre, Maynard Ferguson (percussion).

Arrangements by Johnny Mandel

Recorded in Los Angeles, May 18, 1955

#12:

Jack Millman (trumpet), Maynard Ferguson (valve trombone), Buddy Collette (alto sax), Jack Montrose (tenor saxs), Barney Kessel (guitar), Frank Flynn (vibes), Chico Hamilton (drums).

Arrangements by Gene Roland

Recorded in Los Angeles, May 18, 1955

All sessions recorded at Decca Studios and United Western Recorders

Pete Rugolo - Rugolo Plays Kenton

In this period of the development of music, when many know how to orchestrate but few are gifted with the ability to also compose, Pete Rugolo stands as one of the rare. 

His thorough training in the technique of creating music has given him the knowledge to build music of rich harmonic content. The years spent in close association with Pete have been some of the most rewarding in my career. As well as contributing to my orchestra to a tremendous extent, in being able to work with him in collaboration, he also became my teacher. 

Today the Rugolo influence on music is heard everywhere. His voicings, phrasings, harmonic progressions, and technique in general are copied by all of us. 

In spite of all he has done, I feel his greatest is yet to come. I'm grateful and flattered that Pete Rugolo felt enough for some of my music to devote this album to it. *Stan Kenton (liner notes)*

Most of these fine 1958 recordings are re-creations of some of the great instrumentals made famous by the Stan Kenton orchestra of the Forties, with all writing done by Stans former chief arranger, Pete Rugolo. Describing Petes musical talents, Kenton declared: His thorough training in the technique of creating music has given him the knowledge to build music of rich harmonic content. The years spent in close association with Pete have been some of the most rewarding in my career. As well as contributing to my orchestra to a tremendous extent, in being able to work with him in collaboration, he also became my teacher. Its no surprise that The Pete Rugolo Orchestra plays compositions introduced by Stan Kenton is a challenging and stimulating album. *Jordi Pujol*

Since Pete Rugolo came to fame for his many arrangements for the Stan Kenton Orchestra and this was one of his last important jazz albums before he became largely a full-time writer for the studios, it seems only proper that the date finds Rugolo paying tribute to his former boss. Rugolo rearranged a dozen numbers originally recorded by Stan Kenton, including four —"Minor Riff", "Theme to the West", "Artistry in Boogie", and "Capitol Punishment"— he had co-written with Kenton. Using a big band that includes such Kenton alumni as trumpeter Buddy Childers, trombonists Milt Bernhart and Frank Rosolino, altoist Bud Shank, tenor saxophonist Bob Cooper, and drummer Shelly Manne, Rugolo does not merely re-create the past but instead comes up with fresh variations to such songs as "Eager Beaver", "Concerto to End All Concertos", "Artistry in Rhythm" and "Southern Scandal". *Scott Yanow* 

Side 1

1 - Eager Beaver

(Stan Kenton)

2 - Painted Rhythm

(Stan Kenton)

3 - Minor Riff

(Stan Kenton, Pete Rugolo)

4 - Concerto For Doghouse

(Stan Kenton)

5 - Sunset Tower

(Stan Kenton)

6 - Concerto To End All Concertos

(Stan Kenton)

Side 2

7 - Artistry In Rhythm

(Stan Kenton)

8 - Southern Scandal

(Stan Kenton)

9 - Opus In Pastels

(Stan Kenton)

10 - Theme To The West

(Stan Kenton, Pete Rugolo)

11 - Artistry In Boogie

(Stan Kenton, Pete Rugolo)

12 - Capitol Punishment

(Stan Kenton, Pete Rugolo)

#1, #7, #12:

Al Porcino, Ollie Mitchell, Buddy Childers, Don Fagerquist (trumpets); Milt Bernhart, Frank Rosolino, Harry Betts (trombones); Kenny Shroyer (bass trombone); Bud Shank, Harry Klee (flute, alto sax); Bob Cooper, Dave Pell (tenor saxes); Chuck Gentry (baritone sax); Claude Williamson (piano); Howard Roberts (guitar); Don Bagley (bass); Red Callender (tuba); Shelly Manne (drums).

Recorded at Capitol Studios, October 25, 1958.

#2 to #6 and #8 to #11:

Al Porcino, Ollie Mitchell, Buddy Childers, Don Fagerquist (trumpets); Milt Bernhart, Frank Rosolino, Dick Nash (trombones); Kenny Shroyer (bass trombone); Bud Shank, Harry Klee (flute, alto sax); Bob Cooper, Dave Pell (tenor saxes); Chuck Gentry (baritone sax); Claude Williamson (piano); Howard Roberts (guitar); Don Bagley (bass); Red Callender (tuba); Shelly Manne (drums).

Recorded at Capitol Studios, October 26, 1958.

Arranged and directed by Pete Rugolo

Dick Marx - Marx Makes Broadway

In recent years, a young Chicago pianist —without ever leaving his native city— has become a subject for musicians’ backstage conversation from coast-to-coast.

His name is Dick Marx and "you ought to hear Dick" is almost a cliche now. But Marx cannot be enjoined to go out on a road trip. It was an unusual thing for him to accept Omega’s invitation to come to Los Angeles and make this stereo recording.

Dick Marx is a serious, studious musician (not that his personality or music lacks humor; it’s just that music is his life and he’s serious about it) who has developed a naturally flexible piano technique into one of the most formidable piano styles of modern jazz. Pianist Billy Taylor, one of the top musicians in modern Jazz, has said, "Marx uses modern harmonic devices exceptionally well and because of excellent technical facility can execute many interesting polyphonic ideas... his touch is firm and sure and he can toss off a bravura passage with the ease that comes only from a solid pianistic background". 

Dick Marx began playing the piano at 5, and at 13 was accompanist to a dancing class. He studied music at DePaul University, and since 1948 has worked steadily in the Chicago area at such swank supper clubs as the Streamliner, the Pump Room and Mr. Kelly’s. He has arranged for a variety of singers, including Eydie Gorme, Eartha Kitt and Lurlean Hunter, and for numerous radio and TV shows. He has recorded several LPs for Coral and Brunswick with his bass-playing sidekick, John Frigo. He’s also heard as accompanist for Jeri Southern and for Johnny Desmond on recent LPs. In between night club and recording chores, he doubles as a vocal coach and piano teacher in Chicago, where he is much in demand. Dick is heard either in trio or with a quartet of the best jazz men in Hollywood. It required a particularly deft jazz musician to handle the gossamer melodies of the best Broadway show tunes to retain their intrinsic beauty without losing the jazz feeling. On this date Dick’s friends are Buddy Collette, flute; Carson Smith, bass; Frankie Capp, drums; and Irving Ashby, guitar. On the five numbers you'll hear Red Mitchell on bass, and on three Howard Roberts replaces Ashby on guitar. *Ralph J. Gleason (liner notes)*

This LP is one of the more obscure sessions reissued by V.S.O.P. and was originally cut for the Omega label. Dick Marx was a Chicago-based bop-oriented pianist brought to Los Angeles for these sessions. He gives a variety of show tunes melodic yet swinging treatment with the assistance of flutist Buddy Collette, either Howard Roberts or Irving Ashby on guitar, Red Mitchell or Carson Smith on bass and drummer Frank Capp. All ten of the tunes (which include "All of You", "Too Close for Comfort", "If I Were a Bell" and "Just in Time") are still remembered; it is a pity that this program (at 34 minutes) is so brief and that little has been heard of Dick Marx since. *Scott Yanow*

Side 1

1 - Joey, Joey

(Loesser)

2 - Why Can't You Behave

(Cole Porter)

3 - All Of You

(Cole Porter)

4 - Cool

(Leonard Bernstein)

5 - Too Close For Comfort

(Holofocner, Weiss)

Side 2

6 - If I Were A Bell

(Loesser)

7 - Baubles, Bangles And Beads

(Forrest, Wright)

8 - A Sleepin' Bee

(Loesser)

9 - Guys And Dolls

(Loesser)

10 - Just In Time

(Comden, Green, Styne)

Dick Marx (piano); Buddy Collette (flute); Howard Roberts, Irving Ashby (guitars); Carson Smith, Red Mitchell (basses); Frank Capp (drums).

Recorded in Los Angeles, California, 1958.